Optimization of Decision-Making Processes in Engineering Management Using Multi-Criteria Analysis Methods

This article examines the impact of multi-criteria analysis methods on the optimization of decision-making processes in engineering management. It presents a theoretical review of existing multi-criteria analysis methods and, drawing on the scholarly literature, develops a classification of these methods (TOPSIS, DEA, AHP, ELECTRE, and others). The paper substantiates both the prospects for and the necessity of applying multi-criteria analysis methods in engineering management decision-making, since they provide mathematical support for decisions and make it possible to account for both quantitative and qualitative data and comparison criteria. It is emphasized that the choice of a specific multi-criteria analysis method depends first and foremost on the nature of the decision, its objectives, tasks, and problem context, as well as on the alternatives under consideration; the study also shows that a set of factors must be taken into account in order to ensure decision accuracy. In some cases, however, the use of multi-criteria analysis methods becomes excessive when the decision is simple or only moderately complex. The study also highlights the prospects of moving from the use of individual methods to a systems approach based on the combination of different decision-making models and concepts. In this context, it is proposed that normative and descriptive models, the concept of utility maximization, bounded rationality, and the influence of the external environment should be considered, together with the decision-making process itself and the scenario approach. The paper also demonstrates the relevance of modern information technologies in engineering management for implementing a systems approach to decision-making and points to the broad applicability of methods proven effective in practice (AHP, the compromise-solution method VIKOR, and methods related to the evaluation of alternatives).